Abstract

Efficient recycling systems are quite critical in managing paper waste more sustainably in growing urban centers. Despite the rising demand for paperboard and recycled packaging, improved processing technology for handling poor and heavily polluted waste paper remains limited in developing countries like Kenya. This study investigates the potential for recycling two major paper waste streams: mixed Office Waste (MOW) and Old Packaging Material (OPM) in Nairobi, with the main focus being Kamongo Waste Paper Limited, using the Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) Harmonized European Laboratory Recyclability Test Method. Laboratory experiments were conducted on Mixed Office Waste and Old Packaging Material samples, analyzing reject rates, fiber yield, sheet formation, and the chemical demands on water, measured by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). MOW stands out with good fiber qualities, including strong bonding and fewer contaminants, and no adhesion present, making it a reliable recycling input. In contrast, OPM showed a higher volume of coarse rejects, moderate adhesion present, and a significant number of visible spots. MOW displays higher COD concentrations, and OPM displays moderate COD concentrations. The results indicate that different waste types require tailored recycling strategies. The study proposes the need for better sorting systems, targeted pre-treatment, and advocates for the use of CEPI-aligned testing to assist recycling mills in decision-making. These insights offer strategies regarding waste management, improving recycling efficiency, reducing environmental hazards, and achieving circular economy targets in Nairobi, and across East Africa.

Key words: Recyclability, paper waste, circular economy, Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) recyclability method, water quality, fiber recovery.